Non-intubated awake uniportal VATS: how to start?

The history of thoracoscopic surgery started more than 100 years ago when Hans Christian Jacobaeus, a Swedish internist, performed and described in 1910 a procedure to treat pleural adhesions and tuberculosis. After the 1950s with the success of the medical treatment against tuberculosis, the “Jacobaeus operation” was gradually abandoned until the 1970s when some pulmonologists became the reference persons for the thoracoscopy, especially in Continental Europe.